Craville Studies
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An acid is a substance that, when in solution, produces hydronium ions A base is a substance that, when in solution, produces hydroxide ions An insoluble base is called an alkali None of the above A soluble base is actually an alkali.
An acid is a substance that, when in solution, produces hydronium ions A base is a substance that, when in solution, produces hydroxide ions An insoluble base is called an alkali None of the above
A soluble base is actually an alkali.
Electricity conduction in solution Sour or bitter taste Sting or burn the skin Slippery or soapy feel Taste is one way to determine between an acid and a base (however you should never try it). The feel of it, whether it is stingy or slippery, also can be used (but you should never try it). Both acids and bases both conduct in solution so that property cannot be used to distinguish.
Electricity conduction in solution Sour or bitter taste Sting or burn the skin Slippery or soapy feel
Taste is one way to determine between an acid and a base (however you should never try it).
The feel of it, whether it is stingy or slippery, also can be used (but you should never try it).
Both acids and bases both conduct in solution so that property cannot be used to distinguish.
Acid + Base = Salt + Oxygen Gas Acid + Carbonate = Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide Gas Acid + Metal = Salt + Water All of the Above Need to know the rules.
Acid + Base = Salt + Oxygen Gas Acid + Carbonate = Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide Gas Acid + Metal = Salt + Water All of the Above
Need to know the rules.
4. Which of the following is a base?
Sugar Milk of Magnesia Vinegar Sodium Chloride Sugar is neutral, as is sodium chloride, whilst vinegar is an acid. Milk of magnesia is a base.
Sugar Milk of Magnesia Vinegar Sodium Chloride
Sugar is neutral, as is sodium chloride, whilst vinegar is an acid.
Milk of magnesia is a base.
Bromothymol Blue Litmus Methyl Orange Phenolphthalein This is a matter of knowing where each of the indicators change colour.
Bromothymol Blue Litmus Methyl Orange Phenolphthalein
This is a matter of knowing where each of the indicators change colour.
CO, NO and N2O CO, CO2 and H2O CO and CO2 There are no exceptions This is just another rule you need to remember.
CO, NO and N2O CO, CO2 and H2O CO and CO2 There are no exceptions
This is just another rule you need to remember.
7. Which of the following factors DO NOT affect equilibrium?
Concentration Pressure Temperature Humidity
8. Given the following reaction, which of the following statements is FALSE?
Increasing the temperature will shift the equilibrium left Adding hydronium ions will shift the equilibrium left Decreasing the temperature produces more acid Increasing the pressure shifts the equilibrium right, producing more citric acid To be able to do this question you must understand the equation but also know that the production of carbonic acid is exothermic. (a) is true because an increase in the temperature will favour the endothermic reaction, which is left. (b) is also true as adding more hydronium ions, or ionised acid molecules, will favour the side that removes that acid, hence left. (c) is obviously true as decreasing the temperature pushes the equilibrium to the right, which produces more acid. (d) might look correct at first, as an increase in pressure would indeed push the equilibrium to the right but it would not produce more citric acid because this equation is about producing carbonic acid.
Increasing the temperature will shift the equilibrium left Adding hydronium ions will shift the equilibrium left Decreasing the temperature produces more acid Increasing the pressure shifts the equilibrium right, producing more citric acid
To be able to do this question you must understand the equation but also know that the production of carbonic acid is exothermic.
(a) is true because an increase in the temperature will favour the endothermic reaction, which is left.
(b) is also true as adding more hydronium ions, or ionised acid molecules, will favour the side that removes that acid, hence left.
(c) is obviously true as decreasing the temperature pushes the equilibrium to the right, which produces more acid.
(d) might look correct at first, as an increase in pressure would indeed push the equilibrium to the right but it would not produce more citric acid because this equation is about producing carbonic acid.
Smelting of sulfide ores Bacterial decomposition of organic matter Bushfires Geological activity Smelting is not a natural cause, it is human made.
Smelting of sulfide ores Bacterial decomposition of organic matter Bushfires Geological activity
Smelting is not a natural cause, it is human made.
Air pollution continued to increase until the 1920s when stringent regulations were brought in as a result of deaths Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide form ions which dissolve in water making them difficult to measure Only in the last decade has the technology become available to be able to determine the concentrations of pollution in the atmosphere The industrial revolution of the 1600s is largely to blame for increases in air pollution (a) is close but it was the 1950s not the 1920s. (c) is close again but it has been 30 years not ten. (d) is close but the industrial revolution was the 1800s not the 1600s. Hence (b) is the answer, which is true.
Air pollution continued to increase until the 1920s when stringent regulations were brought in as a result of deaths Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide form ions which dissolve in water making them difficult to measure Only in the last decade has the technology become available to be able to determine the concentrations of pollution in the atmosphere The industrial revolution of the 1600s is largely to blame for increases in air pollution
(a) is close but it was the 1950s not the 1920s.
(c) is close again but it has been 30 years not ten.
(d) is close but the industrial revolution was the 1800s not the 1600s.
Hence (b) is the answer, which is true.
It usually has a pH less than 5 It can be produced by rain dissolving oxides of sulfur and nitrogen It can do damage to statues and buildings When it falls into rivers and waterways, it has little effect as it becomes so dilute The statements in (a), (b) and (c) are all correct. Acid rain does cause problems to waterways by upsetting the delicate pH balance.
It usually has a pH less than 5 It can be produced by rain dissolving oxides of sulfur and nitrogen It can do damage to statues and buildings When it falls into rivers and waterways, it has little effect as it becomes so dilute
The statements in (a), (b) and (c) are all correct. Acid rain does cause problems to waterways by upsetting the delicate pH balance.
Citric Acid Acetic Acid Ethanoic Acid Vinegar Just need to know this.
Citric Acid Acetic Acid Ethanoic Acid Vinegar
Just need to know this.
13. The name of the acid shown below is...?
Citric Acid Acetic Acid Ethanoic Acid Both (b) and (c) Acetic acid and ethanoic acid are the same thing.
Citric Acid Acetic Acid Ethanoic Acid Both (b) and (c)
Acetic acid and ethanoic acid are the same thing.
Power of Hydrogen Pure Hydrogen Potential Hydrogen Potent Hydrogen Definitional.
Power of Hydrogen Pure Hydrogen Potential Hydrogen Potent Hydrogen
Definitional.
Strong acid Weak acid Concentrated Acid Dilute Acid A strong acid completely ionises whilst concentration is to do with the amount of it, not its ionising ability.
Strong acid Weak acid Concentrated Acid Dilute Acid
A strong acid completely ionises whilst concentration is to do with the amount of it, not its ionising ability.
Sulfur Dioxide Nitrous Oxide Lactic Acid Ascorbic Acid Sulfur dioxide is used to prevent discolouration, most commonly in dried fruit. Lactic acid is used in olives, cheesecakes and frozen desserts to balance acidity and add tartness. Ascorbic acid is used to keep the red colour of meat.
Sulfur Dioxide Nitrous Oxide Lactic Acid Ascorbic Acid
Sulfur dioxide is used to prevent discolouration, most commonly in dried fruit.
Lactic acid is used in olives, cheesecakes and frozen desserts to balance acidity and add tartness.
Ascorbic acid is used to keep the red colour of meat.
17. Which scientist stated that an acid was a substance that contained replaceable hydrogen?
Antoine Lavoisier Humphrey Davy Svante Arrhenius Michael Faraday
Water Hydrogen Carbonate Hydrochloric Acid All of the above are amphiprotic Amphiprotic means it can act as an acid or as a base. Water can: As can hydrogen carbonate: Hydrochloric acid cannot.
Water Hydrogen Carbonate Hydrochloric Acid All of the above are amphiprotic
Amphiprotic means it can act as an acid or as a base.
Water can:
As can hydrogen carbonate:
Hydrochloric acid cannot.
All neutralisation reactions involve proton transfer Neutralisation reactions are sometimes called proton transfer reactions Neutralisation reactions are endothermic Industrial neutralisers should be amphiprotic Neutralisation reactions are actually exothermic.
All neutralisation reactions involve proton transfer Neutralisation reactions are sometimes called proton transfer reactions Neutralisation reactions are endothermic Industrial neutralisers should be amphiprotic
Neutralisation reactions are actually exothermic.
Its good looks The COOH structure is the distinguishing part of an alkanoic acid.
Its good looks
The COOH structure is the distinguishing part of an alkanoic acid.
